Programming Language

Language are the medium of communication. There are several languages developed in separate environment and geographical conditions for Nepali, Hindi, Doteli, Newarietc. Similarly, Programming language are set of instruction which are used to develop the program as well as software. In the simple word programming language are those languages which are used to develop the different types of applications which may be system software and application software. For example:- JAVA, C, C++, CSA, JPS and VB etc. There are five types of programming language.

1.       High Level Language(HLL)
2.          Machine Level Language (MLL)
3.         Assembly Language
4.        4GL Language

             Natural Language 

     1 .      High Level Language (HLL)

High Level Language are problem Oriented language. Most of the programs are written in High Level Language which are quite similar to written English language. So, they are easier then machine language or low level language. High Level Language are kind of programming language which are used to developed difference types of software. For example:- C++, JAVA etc.

Advantage

    1.  The entire programs written high level language are machine independent. So, these programs are portable.

    2. The program written in High Level Language is easier to learn because it is similar to English language. 

     3.      Program in HLL requires less time to execute as compared to other program.

Disadvantage

1.            It is most difficult for learner.
2.            The execution of the program is slower then machine language.
3.       HLL could not able to understanding by computer hardware. So, we need a translator.

         2.   Machine Level Language (MLL)

Machine level languages are written in binary code. Those languages which are written in form of or combination of o and 1 are known as machine language. This language easily understands by computer hardware. So, we do not need to translate into object code because it is itself in 0 and 1.

Advantages:

i.                    It is written in form of 0 and 1 so it is easy to understand by computer hardware.

ii.                 It does not take time for execution.

Disadvantages

i.                    It is difficult for understand and develop a program using machine language.

ii.                 It is machine oriented language.

iii.               Debugging is difficult.

        3.     Assembly Language (Low Level Language)

Assembly languages are those languages which are written mnemonic code is used as instruction and it is a symbolic instruction because it uses the different symbols to write the program. These languages do not understand by computer hardware so, we need to translate this language by the help of Assembler. Most of the viruses are developing by using assembly language. This language uses mnemonic codes like ADD for addition, SUB for subtraction, MUL for multiplication, LDA for lower accumulator, SAP for store accumulator.

Advantages:

i.                    Assembly language is easy to understand by computer because mnemonic codes are used in this language.

ii.                 Assembly language used assembler to translate it into machine code instructions.

iii.               Assembly language takes a minimum time to translate into machine code.

Disadvantage

i.                    This language uses some mnemonic codes which are difficult to understand by programmer.

ii.                 Most of the viruses developing by using assembly language.

iii.               It is most difficult language rather than other language.

         4.     4GL Language

4GL stands fourth generation language it is basically used to develop the database, DBMS (Database Management System), RDBMS (Relational Database management System). It is one step ahead than high level language. These are result oriented included obtained query. This programming language can't able to understand by computer hardware so; we need to translate this language by the help of compilers as well as interpreters.

Advantages

i.                    It is a non procedural programming language.

ii.                 It is an event-driven programming language.

iii.               It is defines what processing must be done on data.

iv.               Define the input data and validation check.

Disadvantage

i.                    This programming codes are very lengthy s, it takes more time.

ii.                 It is non procedural language so, it difficult to compile.

         5.     Natural Language

Natural languages are those languages which are basically used to communicate with computer. These languages are used to feed the data, instruction to the computer. For example: Nepali, Hindi, Doteli, English etc.

Advantage

i.                    It is easy to understand by the user.

ii.                 Compilers are easily translates this language into machine code instructions.

Disadvantage

i.                    Computer hardware is not able to understand natural language etc.